Diagram Big Data Security Infrastructure †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Diagram Big Data Security Infrastructure? Answer: Introducation In the report of Big data Threat Landscape, ENISA explains various risks that are identified with Big Data which is an innovation that is in demand these days. This concept of Big Data is required to assume a noteworthy part influencing different parts of our society, running from wellbeing, food security, and atmosphere and asset proficiency to vitality, better transport frameworks and the smart cities. The European Commission has recognized the influence of Big Data in a flourishing information driven economy by defining the methodology of Big Data6. This contextual analysis of Enisa describes gap analysis that presents a correlation between distinguished Big Data dangers and its countermeasures. Financial case study is to discuss about the effects of lack of countermeasures in this innovative era. Specifically, the main query emerges of the pattern of current countermeasures of adjusting existing arrangements against conventional information dangers to the Big Data solution by concentrating on the information's volume. This concept of countermeasure targets adaptability issues as well as does not fit in the characteristics of Big Data and brings about incomplete and inadequate methodologies. Many existing information concentrated conditions have lately embraced a Big Data approach. This report adds to the meaning of the landscape of threat, by giving a review of current as well as rising dangers pertinent to Big Data advances, and their related patterns. ENISA Threat Landscape (ETL) Group developed the risk taxonomy which needs to be analyzed. Various risks like network outage or any type of malfunction are the main reasons to effect the Big data innovation. As we know that Big Data consist of a large number of bits of information and every part might be in a different physical area. This design prompts a heavier dependence on the interconnections between servers. ENISA reports have managed the depth study of threats like network outages or malfunctions that influence the communication links32. Consequently, in this report, ENISA doesn't take these dangers into account. The utilization of cryptography might be not generally adequate and there are evident dangers related to network administrator as well as security experts with comparable benefits. The concept of big data develops the potential issue of information residency. If the data is saved in Cloud computing that provides the solution of multi-national storage must be under various legitimate jurisdictions. When Big data systems are based over cloud foundation, a danger to clients' identity is that the control of a framework interface, in Big Data framework can be based on public or private cloud infrastructure. Methods for enhancing Big Data analysis execution and the combination of heterogeneous information sources enhances the redundancy of information portrayal by creating poorly ensured duplicates. This difficulties conventional systems to secure confidentiality as well as its effect must be considered. In a conventional data frameworks the loss of control of a support interface could cause constrained data storage, in Big Data the impact is opened up and the effect is more serious Out of the Top threats which threat would you regard to be the most significant and why? According to me, the most significant threat to the security of Big data is loss of identity by hackers which leads to the loss of financial details of the users. It mainly effects economy of the country. The main function of Big data framework is to store as well as to accreditations in order to access the personal information as well as financial budgetary records having details like visa card number, payment details, billing details. These details always remain on target for the hackers. This framework can also store profiling information that can depict client behavior, preferences, propensities, travel, and media utilization with a detailed framework and can also help the hackers in more intricate types of impersonation fraud that creates an opportunity to steal the identity of client. As we know that Big data frameworks are based over cloud computing which is a main reason for theft of user identity. Eg: when the overall control of a framework interface, is based on either public or private cloud infrastructure, the information gets lost. If the entire data gets hacked successfully by the hacker, the hacker gets control over the victim's data. The control interfaces could be comprised by means of novel sign wrapping as well as progressed XSS methods, and it leads to the theft of identity. In case of Big Data the impact is increased and the effect is more extreme. The identity fraud hard to analyze or indict in light of the fact that it frequently crosses legitimate jurisdictions. Social networking or environment mainly leads to identity theft because of increase in trend of Facebook and Twitter. It is mainly powerful risk to people's social cultural practices in interpersonal interaction. The hackers use this personal data to create fake cards or some terrorist activities. By stealing the personal information like Name, Address, social insurance number of a user, the hacker's ability to open new account (bank, in-store, cell phone etc.) by using the theft details. Hence, it increases the chance of criminal activities all throughout the world which is very dangerous. As effectively revealed in this report, a few instances of identity misrepresentation because of capturing the traffic as well as data mining have been analyzed. Phishing is related to identity theft that is done by using malware and can be interpreted as an individual identity related digital crime, yet prevalently Phishers likewise utilize malware. It is the process of doing financial frauds like credit card, identity theft. This process mainly uses spoofed messages and deceitful sites intended to trick beneficiaries for accessing individual financial information, for example, Visa numbers, accounting usernames and passwords, government managed savings numbers, and so on. Identify and discuss the key Threat Agents. What could be done to minimize their impact on the system? Based on the data provided, discuss the trends in threat probability. As per ENISA Threat Landscape report, a threat agent can be defined as the individual or product who has some better abilities and a reasonable goal to show a risk and a record of past activities. For Big Information resource proprietors it is vital to know about which dangers rise up out of which risk group. Big Data frameworks are found to be as the target for attack focused by threat agents as well as more intricate and specific assaults will be contrived to misuse vulnerabilities and shortcomings. This Threat Landscape and Good Practice Guide for Big Data gives a diagram of the present condition of security in the Big Data framework. Specifically, it recognizes Big Data resources as the research for threat agents that focuses to rising great practices and new investigates in the field. The classification of threat agents is described as following: Corporation - The organizations that embrace and additionally are occupied with hostile strategies. In this unique circumstance, companies are considered as unfriendly risk agents and their source of inspiration is to fabricate competitive advantages over contenders, who additionally make up their principle target. Contingent upon their size and segment, the corporations have critical capacities, extending from innovation by manpower particularly in their specialized topic. Terrorists - This is also a category who are involved in digital crime. Their main reason for being involved can be political or it can be religious. They mainly attack critical infrastructures like health framework, telecommunication etc. Their failure can cause serious effect in the public eye and government. It must be noticed, that in people in general material investigations, the profile of digital fear based oppressors still is by all accounts obscured. Content kiddies -These people are unskilled for writing a program for attacking the system. They use programs written by others in order to hack the entire framework. Online social programmers (hacktivists) - These people are influenced by politically or socially infrastructure that uses PC frameworks to challenge and advance their motivation. Their average targets are prominent sites, enterprises, intelligence agencies as well as military organizations. Staff - This category includes internal staff, contractors, operational staff etc. They can have insider access to organization's assets, and are considered as both non-friendly risk specialists (i.e. staff who are distracted from their work) and antagonistic specialists. This category of threat operators has a lot of learning that enables them to put compelling assaults against resources of their association. Countermeasures as well as great practices are relied upon to be executed to expand security of single group, and of other related group when pertinent. One more wellspring of potential controls and specialized countermeasures originates from the utilization of Big Data analysis as a big tool for expanding framework and information security, and enhancing interruption detection and its avoidance. The trend for threat probability in number as well as sophistication and impact. The trend for data security mainly focus on the volume of data. How could the ETL process be improved? Discuss. Big Data is the collection of information channels that is collected from sensors, systems, storage or computing systems and provides a better result to the clients. Therefore, it is the responsibility of both for securing the infrastructure. Each group ought to be cognizant that its own particular security likewise relies upon the security of its neighbors. Appropriate countermeasures and great practices are relied upon to be executed to expand security of both parties. The other source of technical countermeasures originates from the utilization of Big Data analysis which is considered to be as tool for expanding framework and information security, and enhancing interruption location and counteractive action. The analysis of risks and some rising patterns in digital security are a critical theme in the Cyber Security Strategy for the ETL. Besides, the new ENISA regulation features the requirement for finding some rising trends for risks and Marketing that the Agency, in collaborati on with Member States and, as proper, with measurable bodies and others, gathers significant data. Using cryptography concept is not adequate as various risks are related to overseers as well as security experts with equal benefits. This is particularly genuine when risks identified with data leakage as well as sharing because of human mistakes are considered. Moreover, breaks of information by means of Web applications (unsecure APIs) as well as insufficient outline or we can say that its adjustment require an enhanced plan of registering and capacity framework models, while the stored information from sensors may have issues of classification that can't be alleviated by current arrangements. Individual identifiable data is in danger rather security practices have been made. Malevolent code or any other such type of activity represent a risk for processing framework and capacity because of the troubles of managing patch in a Big Data heterogeneous condition, while infringement of laws or controls, break of enactment as well as identity fraud may influence last clients. All these breaks requires Big Data particular countermeasures, and, on the opposite side, the inclusion of arrangement creators to reflect changes in current IT condition in EU laws and enactments. The concept of big data embrace distinctive methodologies. For instance, Hadoop can be customized to identify all information that enters and leaves the system. This design has been utilized to get odd exercises like infected system. The proposed Early Warning System methodological framework actualizes a precise procedure to gather all security information and set up various baselines that distinguish typical conduct, accumulate outer insight (risk support) from outsiders, and uses Big Data investigation to examine this data for specific risks. Future headings for examine in Big Data for security go for tending to business analysis for the entire organization. Actually, without a risk based methodology to deal with security, associations could squander significant ICT assets for vulnerabilities that are not causing in actuality big data risks to the business. Likewise it will be vital to channel security Big Data to the data that is quite applicable to particular partners' roles and obligations. To sum up, should ENISA be satisfied with its current state of IT Security? Why? Or Why not? No, ENISA should not be satisfied with the current state of IT security. Significant loophole are found because of dangers to protection (e.g., the distinguishing proof of individual data) as well as the privacy of sensor information streams. As officially detailed in this report, a few instances of ID theft because of capturing the traffic or we can say data mining that have been analyzed. Big Data analysis has encouraged the interruption of protection by fortifying the strategies. Since countermeasures, that are analyzed like anonymization did not turn out to be constantly compelling against Big Information mining, new research endeavors must be defined to devise controls. Eg: the main concept for PPDM (privacy-preserving data mining) is to adjust the information in such a path in order to perform algorithms for data mining without making the security of confidential data at risk. As we know that cryptography frameworks are difficult to execute when a substantial number of sensors is included, the utilization of Trusted Computing (TC) has been a trademark of being a promising innovation. Trusted figuring depends on Trusted Platform Modules (TPMs) and related hardware to demonstrate uprightness of programming, procedures, and information. The devices that are enabled with TPM must be fitted in sensors. These devices can be a reason for reliable data traffic. Thee cryptography in Big Data includes complex infrastructure as well as contrarily influences execution. Processing Infrastructure and capacity models in Big Data confront new difficulties like the absence of institutionalization and convenience of security controls among various ventures and also Big Data vendors, as well as the poor outline of security highlights. These principles don't exist or are still a work in progress. A case of absence of principles is seen by NIST. The status of the dispatched things (e.g., extraordinary identity proof number, GPS organizes, sensors data, and so forth.) is not gone through the whole chain. A remarkable recognizable proof mapping is a work in progress inside an ISO specialized advisory group. From a security viewpoint, we take note of that in a customary administration framework as, in a SQL relational database, security has gradually developed and numerous new controls have been proposed over a long time. The security of Big Data segments has not experienced a similar level of ideas or assessment because of the immature of Big Data innovative work. References Damiani, E. Ardagna, C., A. (2016). Big Data Threat Landscape and Good, Retrieved management - https://www.enisa.europa.eu/publications/bigdata-threat-landscape.

The Honor Code free essay sample

In following the Honor Code at Xavier will learn more about others, he school, and myself. The Honor Code will impact my academic and campus life because it will lead my way to the future by becoming a successful young black woman. Honor and trust is what I will learn at Xavier by following the Honor System. By being honorable I will have to be truthful, honest, and, respectful throughout any situation. This means I will have to be straightforward dealing with my academics, personal life at Xavier, and campus life. I will have to take responsibility of my actions and choices.My actions at Xavier will determine whom I will become and what I am going to do with my life. Trust at Xavier is a very important issue. In order for Xavier to trust me I have to have trust in others and myself. Xavier has to trust me from the day enter their school until the day of graduate. We will write a custom essay sample on The Honor Code or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Honesty is the key to trust for it will set me free from cheating, lying , Ganger 2 and being immoral. Also, I have to choose whom I become friends with because if I dont trust them I will get into bad situations. I should have a close relationship with Xavier and myself so can become trustful.Savers Honor System will give me an opportunity to endure in many experiences. Even if the experiences are good or bad it will give me a chance to learn from my mistakes. By experiencing things I can learn more about myself. In college I have the freedom to do anything I want, but I shouldnt take it lightly. The honor code will teach me not to have too much freedom and how to manage my time. Life at Xavier is going to be fun, but I have to be mature. Maturity is also a goal I must reach while attending Xavier.I have to be tauter about things in order to be treated as a young adult. The Honor Code will help me to become more mature in situations. Although, I do have some sense of maturity the Honor Code will help me to improve it. When I leave Xavier University I will know all aspects of life due to the Honor Code. The Honor Code is going to teach me how to carry myself, how to be responsible, and how to be able to deal with situations. Never knew that the Honor Code was so significant until I read it, but I learn more about Xavier and myself.

Achilles Vs. Gilgamesh essays

Achilles Vs. Gilgamesh essays Achilles and Gilgamesh are two epic heroes who share many similarities. Both men are kings of their respective places, their subjects look up to them and expect a proper relationship between them and society. Both Achilles and Gilgamesh possess superhuman strength and are closely tied to the Gods, Gilgamesh because he is 2/3 god and Achilles because he is the son of Zeus. The Greeks and Mesopotamians consider them heroes and look up to them for understanding of how the gods relate to man. Achilles and Gilgamesh are prideful and both yearn to live long lives and have their names be remembered. The yearning for their needs to live long renowned lives shows that the Greeks and Mesopotamians cherished life and legends. Among the similarities there are also some differences. Gilgamesh over the course of the epic develops as a character thanks to his friend Endiku and his quests for renown and immortality. Unlike Gilgamesh Achilles does not develop significantly over the course of the epic. Although the death of Patroclus prompts him to seek reconciliation with Agamemnon, he still continues to be angry until King Priam begs for Hectors body and Achilles is reminded of his father. After Endikus death Gilgamesh is pushed to search for immortality because of Endiku which shows that Mesopotamians culturally emphasized ties with your fellow comrades and the importance of friends. After Patroclus death Achilles is fuelled by his anger and goes on fighting for him showing that Greeks culturally emphasized ties with your family and the importance of love. ...

Ted Sorensen on the Kennedy Style of Speech-Writing

Ted Sorensen on the Kennedy Style of Speech-Writing In his final book, Counselor: A Life at the Edge of History (2008), Ted Sorensen offered a prediction: I have little doubt that, when my time comes, my obituary in the New York Times (misspelling my last name once again) will be captioned: Theodore Sorenson, Kennedy Speechwriter. On November 1, 2010, the Times got the spelling right: Theodore C. Sorensen, 82, Kennedy Counselor, Dies. And though Sorensen did serve as ​a counselor and alter ego to John F. Kennedy from January 1953 to November 22, 1963, Kennedy Speechwriter was indeed his defining role. A graduate of the University of Nebraskas law school, Sorensen arrived in Washington, D.C. unbelievably green, as he later admitted. I had no legislative experience, no political experience. Id never written a speech. Id hardly been out of Nebraska. Nevertheless, Sorensen was soon called on to help write Senator Kennedys Pulitzer Prize-winning book Profiles in Courage (1955). He went on to co-author some of the most memorable presidential speeches of the last century, including Kennedys inaugural address, the Ich bin ein Berliner speech, and the American University commencement address on peace. Though most historians agree that Sorensen was the primary author of these eloquent and influential speeches, Sorensen himself maintained that Kennedy was the true author. As he said to Robert Schlesinger, If a man in a high office speaks words which convey his principles and policies and ideas and hes willing to stand behind them and take whatever blame or therefore credit go with them, [the speech is] his (White House Ghosts: Presidents and Their Speechwriters, 2008). In Kennedy, a book published two years after the presidents assassination, Sorensen spelled out some of the distinctive qualities of the Kennedy style of speech-writing. Youd be hard-pressed to find a more sensible list of tips for speakers. While our own orations may not be quite as momentous as a presidents, many of Kennedys rhetorical strategies are worth emulating, regardless of the occasion or the size of the audience. So the next time you address your colleagues or classmates from the front of the room, keep these principles in mind. The Kennedy Style of Speech-Writing The Kennedy style of speech-writingour style, I am not reluctant to say, for he never pretended that he had time to prepare first drafts for all his speechesevolved gradually over the years. . . .We were not conscious of following the elaborate techniques later ascribed to these speeches by literary analysts. Neither of us had any special training in composition, linguistics or semantics. Our chief criterion was always audience comprehension and comfort, and this meant: (1) short speeches, short clauses and short words, wherever possible; (2) a series of points or propositions in numbered or logical sequence wherever appropriate; and (3) the construction of sentences, phrases and paragraphs in such a manner as to simplify, clarify and emphasize.The test of a text was not how it appeared to the eye, but how it sounded to the ear. His best paragraphs, when read aloud, often had a cadence not unlike blank verseindeed at times key words would rhyme. He was fond of alliterative sentences, not solely for reasons of rhetoric but to reinforce the audiences recollection of his reasoning. Sentences began, however incorrect some may have regarded it, with And or But whenever that simplified and shortened the text. His frequent use of dashes was of doubtful grammatical standingbut it simplified the delivery and even the publication of a speech in a manner no comma, parenthesis or semicolon could match.Words were regarded as tools of precision, to be chosen and applied with a craftsmans care to whatever the situation required. He liked to be exact. But if the situation required a certain vagueness, he would deliberately choose a word of varying interpretations rather than bury his imprecision in ponderous prose.For he disliked verbosity and pomposity in his own remarks as much as he disliked them in others. He wanted both his message and his language to be plain and unpretentious, but never patronizing. He wanted his major policy statements to be positive, specific and defi nite, avoiding the use of suggest, perhaps and possible alternatives for consideration. At the same time, his emphasis on a course of reasonrejecting the extremes of either sidehelped produce the parallel construction and use of contrasts with which he later became identified. He had a weakness for one unnecessary phrase: The harsh facts of the matter are . . .but with few other exceptions his sentences were lean and crisp. . . .He used little or no slang, dialect, legalistic terms, contractions, clichà ©s, elaborate metaphors or ornate figures of speech. He refused to be folksy or to include any phrase or image he considered corny, tasteless or trite. He rarely used words he considered hackneyed: humble, dynamic, glorious. He used none of the customary word fillers (e.g., And I say to you that is a legitimate question and here is my answer). And he did not hesitate to depart from strict rules of English usage when he thought adherence to them (e.g., Our agenda are long) would grat e on the listeners ear.No speech was more than 20 to 30 minutes in duration. They were all too short and too crowded with facts to permit any excess of generalities and sentimentalities. His texts wasted no words and his delivery wasted no time.(Theodore C. Sorensen, Kennedy. Harper Row, 1965. Reprinted in 2009 as Kennedy: The Classic Biography) To those who question the value of rhetoric, dismissing all political speeches as mere words or style over substance, Sorensen had an answer. Kennedys rhetoric when he was president turned out to be a key to his success, he told an interviewer in 2008. His mere words about Soviet nuclear missiles in Cuba helped resolve the worst crisis the world has ever known without the U.S. having to fire a shot. Similarly, in a New York Times op-ed published two months before his death, Sorensen countered several myths about the Kennedy-Nixon debates, including the view that it was style over substance, with Kennedy winning on delivery and looks. In the first debate, Sorensen argued, there was far more substance and nuance than in what now passes for political debate in our increasingly commercialized, sound-bite Twitter-fied culture, in which extremist rhetoric requires presidents to respond to outrageous claims. To learn more about the rhetoric and oratory of John Kennedy and Ted Sorensen, have a look at Thurston Clarkes Ask Not: The Inauguration of John F. Kennedy and the Speech That Changed America, published by Henry Holt in 2004 and now available in a Penguin paperback.

The impact of advertisements on customers Research Paper

The impact of advertisements on customers - Research Paper Example Therefore, the advertising done by any company should be planned and executed in an excellent way so as to affect the customers. Successful advertising can impact on customers psychologically, emotionally and rationally. Advertisers have to pay a lot of attention to the way customers think and behave. They have to carefully study the impacts their advertising can have on customer`s minds. Their main focus is on the design of their advertising as that is the component affecting the decision making behavior of the customers. The main goal of advertising should be to attract as many customers as possible and also to analyze the affects that advertising can have on the minds of the customers (The positive effects of advertising, Web). The psychological effects of advertising are such that it arouses the customer`s wish to purchase the products. In the process of advertising, firstly, the customer`s attention is focused on the design of the advertising and the information being told through it. After that, the process of reasoning takes place during which the customer`s emotions are transferred into desires of actually acquiring the product. This desire of customers is then turned into an action when they actually purchase the product. An example of this psychological impact on customers is when a particular customer watches an advertisement of a product like a burger on television. This is the first stage during which the customer`s attention is focused on this burger and the different features or ingredients of this particular burger. In the second stage, the customer starts desiring the burger and wants to actually go out and buy this burger. During the last stage, the customer will go out and purchase this burger in order to fulfill his desire and wish. After consuming it, if it satisfies the customer then he will become a regular buyer and will keep buying it and if not then he will regret his decision, will not buy it again and will even tell others not to buy this burger in the future. Therefore, a company should make sure that its advertising successfully promotes the true features of its products and should not misguide the customers (The psychological impact of advertising , Web). Apart from the psychological impacts of advertising, there are a number of emotional impacts of advertising as well. Advertising can emotionally affect the attitudes and purchase decisions of customers. Researchers have proved that the emotional impacts of advertising can indirectly affect the memory of customers. Many advertisers today are trying to create emotional impacts on customers through their advertising strategies and lure them into buying the products in order to increase their sales. According to a theory, advertising can have three kinds of impacts on customers. Out of these three impacts, two are positive while one relates to a negative emotion. One of these emotional responses relates to the arousal stage of the psychological impact process and involves emotions such as joy, surprise, excitement etc. the other set of positive emotions include feelings of warmth, hope as well as care and gentleness. These emotions can together have an impact on the customer att itudes and intentions of purchase of all the customers. The impact that advertisers plan to have on customers is actually different from what customers feel and this is portrayed in their attitudes.

Aspects of sustainable transport mode. ( buses in scotland ) Thesis Proposal

Aspects of sustainable transport mode. ( buses in scotland ) - Thesis Proposal Example In this context, the study’s aims and objectives can be described as follows: a) What is the evidence that more use of the bus is more sustainable? B) What load factors are needed for bus to have less CO2 per passenger kilometre than the car, so buses generally achieve these? c) Which cities have made most (and least) progress in making the bus network an alternative to car use? Why? d) Does better bus provision get drivers out of cars or does bus attract people who would otherwise be car passengers? e) What are the changes to bus provision that make bus attractive enough to attract a proportion of car drivers – speed, comfort, personal security and so on, f) Are the existing schemes – in regard to the improvement of the bus network (Scotland) in terms of sustainability – satisfactory? It should be noted that the study focuses on the examination of the aspects of buses as sustainable means of transport especially in Scotland; the study’s mains and o bjectives will be addressed using the relevant literature as well as figures released by governmental and non-governmental organizations in Scotland; material will be also retrieved through relevant authorities worldwide – in order to make a comparative analysis of the measures developed in Scotland towards the increase of sustainability of buses. The views of passengers and people working in the bus network in Scotland will be also employed in order to explore all aspects of the study’s aims and objectives – as described above. Bus is an essential means of transport in Scotland; because of its importance for the local social and financial needs but also for the environment, the Scottish government has developed a framework of rules regulating the bus operation and use across the country. An indicative example is the bus network scheme developed by the city of

Talent ID report Essay Example for Free

Talent ID report Essay Report The talent identification programme for cricket is a long programme that identifies talented athletes from the ages 6-18+. It is a structured and detailed programme that breaks down in to five stages that athletes will be identified to have potential for elite success in. The stages are fundamentals, learning to Train, Training to Train, Training to compete, and Training to Win. Fundamentals This is the first stage, where talent is identified at the ages of 6-9(boys) and 6-8(girls). This stage is seen as the developmental stage, which aims to identify and provide young performers with the overall athletic skills in addition to a introduction to basic throwing, catching and striking skills. This stage uses drills involving Agility, co-ordination, and balance, speed, throwing, striking and catching. Also the approach towards these sessions is very personal, and about the game. The first stage is performed in a fun environment, performing drills and other sporting activities. This stage is very beneficial because it identifies talented athletes at a young age. This is an advantage as being able to identify at a young age means that, they can be nurtured and moulded into a successful athlete. The youth that are selected for this programme show the ABCs specific movement skills(agility, balance, coordination, speed, striking ,catching and throwing) and are selected by coaches as they are watched performing, by coaches. This is an early stage in talent identification, and only those athletes that show the charisma are selected at this stage for further development. This can be slightly stressful, especially as the athletes are quite young, and are still developing, physically and mentally. Also it can ruin confidence of some youths, however overall this stage is quite selective and only few people are selected at this stage, as the level of performance that is required is evident when selecting the players. Commonly, like most of the stages the players are also recorded, in games or drills, without them being too aroused by it, so that they can perform in full confidence and in a stress free situation. This is a good way of making the assessment as at the age that they athletes are its not advisable to cause them, such a heavy pressure or burden and also if they have the charisma, it will be evident in natural, drills and games. An example of a cricketer that was founded at this stage is the great Sachin Tendulkar, who has gone on to become an icon in cricket and is commonly called the little master. Learning to train This is the second stage that identifies talent at the age 9-12(boys) and 8-11 (girls). Again similarly to the fundamentals stage it looks at the basic sport skills that athletes may have. The aim of identifying talents at this stage and at this age is to get athletes that can develop their movements associated with batting bowling, fielding and wicket keeping. Furthermore developing overall athletic skills they have. Coaches that are assessing young talents at this stage are looking for athletes that again show the charisma, alongside key components such as strength flexibility and speed. They asses the players again through observation of performance and ability. And on selection they are introduces to the skills in more specificity. They will look at the techniques and movements of performing the specific skills, (batting bowling ECT) along side will be introduced to training programmes that emphasise on the shoulders, elbow, spine, core, and ankle stability. Further more psychological skills will also be introduced near the end of stage. This is very similar to the first stage and is still about developing talent and nurturing their techniques and the way they approach the game. This is very influential stage and has positive effects on the athletes as they are more likely to listen and undertake the desired and appropriate approach towards performing the different skills. Never the less this stage can again be to early for some of the athletes that might show the ability however they might not be mature enough to carry and understand the principles of this stage in the talent identification. Training to Train This is the third stage, and is aimed towards 11-16(boys) 11-15(girls). It is a progression to the previous stage and aims to create further development on specifics skills and physical condition for the game. This stage is where it is more common for player to be identified as they are at a suitable age, and their abilities and talent is easier to indentify and work with. It is also a favoured stage by many coaches to identify talent as it is the stage where players have to focus on the physical and mental requirements. This stage of the development programme looks to increase technical work, for example on the front foot, and back foot playing bother attacking and defensive shots; and for bowlers pace and spin techniques are enhanced. Also overall team work and team fielding and working as a team is emphasised on. This stage differs from the other to as the age difference is higher and therefore the training toll is also at increased intensity and this is the stage where the athletes are introduced to fitness tests which are established to benchmark and monitor development. Athletes also have to keep positive attitudes and this is reinforced on and off the pitch. This stage is an important stage and very lucrative for the game as this is where most emerging cricketers are established. This stage of the development programme prepares them for the transaction to performing at a high level, and introduces and conditions them. However on the flip side the only problem with this stage is that the training must be carried out depending on each players PHV, which is the peak height velocity, which is also known as a growth spurt. This can be a set back as each individual has different time when they grow and mature, and if training is done before this it can have detrimental effects. Training to compete This is the third stage, which is aimed for 16-18 (men), 15-17 (women). This stage is a progression from the previous stage. However it is slightly different as it mainly aims to enhance game awareness and competitive development. The key principle in this stage is to create the optimum environment, so that the athletes learn the importance of independence and their responsibility. Also this stage looks to develop and concentrate on athletes technical and tactical skills that they use in game competitive situations, replicating the opportunity to make key decisions and making judgements. This stage also looks at lifestyle advice and support including managing tour, financial advice, career advice and education support. This is an important stage of talent identification for aspiring talent because it is the step that begins to prepare them for performance at high standards. This stage involves many drills and training sessions, which will enhance the players confidence alongside his ability to delivery constantly at the high levels that they have shown. Athletes will benefit from this stage as they will gain help in how to lead their lifestyle which will be changing as they make the transition to elite levels. Nevertheless this stage could be more specific, and personal to the players needs as each player might have different weaknesses. Training to win This is the third stage which is targeted for 18+ (men) 17 + (women). This is the stage where the maintenance of physical capacities and development of elite performer attributes is concentrated on by maintaining the right environment. This stage is also all about individualised training programmes and dependant on specific needs associated within the game. Athletes at this stage will look and concentrate mainly on team dynamics and will learn the importance of planning brakes to avoid burn outs and injuries. This is the final stage of development before players perform at elite levels therefore there are remedial support on fine technical work. This stage is very important and the advice on how to handle the change in lifestyle and the work on team dynamics is very lucrative for the athletes as these are main areas in which the game will differ from amateur to professional levels. Also the remedial session will also be beneficial as it will help boost confidence and just make sure that the players are totally ready for the transition. However on the other hand this may also backfire and by having remedial sessions, create more pressure and ruin the confidence of athletes but it is more dependent on the individuals preference and how the they react to the support. This is how the talent identification programme for cricket is structured. It is structured in such a way, as it covers a wide range of ages. Cricket is among many racket sports that involve perfection in technique, and therefore finding qualities in talent at young ages is very beneficial for the sport as it makes it earlier to teach, train and create a professional player. This approach is used as younger you are the more you will adapt, where as you get older you will not be able to adapt, as you get set in your own comfort zone. This is why having a set up that works through the ages, determining that they are moulding into the game is vital However the length of the programme and different stages can over complicate the process of being prepared to play at elite level. This may affect the athletes as they wont get the best advice and training that they might need. The talent identification programme for cricket is run by the English cricket board, however it is down to the coaches/ ex players who are allocated to counties across the country to recognise the talent and put them onto the development scheme. Players are commonly scouted and given these opportunities by being recognised at a club, or district level. It is common that through club matches, in large competitions, selectors may come down to watch the game. However it is also likely team managers and coaches get in touch with selectors as they also have a responsibility in finding young talent. The process of being selected to perform in talent development programmes means that once you have been recognised, you must have to perform your skills whilst being recorded. This can be done in a game situation, or done by training at indoor or outdoor net sessions. Players are recorded in this manor so that there is evidence of their ability. This is then analysed by the talent identification selectors who then will most likely come and watch the player perform. When selectors come to watch the players perform the normally have a check list of attributes that they are looking for in player. (Attachment sheet) This checklist normally states sets of questions under each skill they will be observing. They will also record them when they watch them so that they can double check their progress, and ensure that the player posses all the qualities. The approach of recording the players is taken as it gives the assessors evidence along side with more accuracy in when they make their verdict. The selectors use the videos to slow motion, and break down a players technique to ensure that they possess a sound technique. This is also beneficial for the player as it can help them see how they perform, in the eyes of others and give them inspiration and motivate them to improve little parts of their game. The manner in which players are selected is a quite a good strategy as it can be clear and easy to asses, alongside being beneficial for the performer. It can be beneficial to the performer as it can help them and their coaches pin point any weakness, and work on them if the selectors reject instead of getting demoralised. Also it having evidence of a recording alongside being watched means that there is benefit of doubt and evidence of you performing the skills properly, as anyone can have a bad game. It can also ease nerves. Never the less it can also have the opposite affect and create extended pressure on the athlete and make them underperform. This is rare as an attribute in cricket is to handle and play in pressuring and high intensity situations. Fitness is also tested once a player is selected. This is done by a series of fitness tests such as the multistage bleep test, 30metre sprints, one rep max , hand grip dynamiter ect These fitness tests are carried out as it gives the selectors information about the players fitness. Selectors will give different players different fitness tests depending on their role in a team; however the general components that everyone must pass are the bleep, 30 metre sprint, and one rep max. This fitness test must be passes as these are the test that measures the essential and most vital fitness components required for the sport. This talent identification programme will have a positive effect on cricket as it will enhance the quality and support that upcoming cricketers are receiving which will make the future of the sport brighter. Developing the young talent will give the sport a good name which will also lead to enhanced participation. This is good for the sport as it means that it will become better known and more money will be put into the sport which means the sports facilities are improved. Another advantage of this programme in the current environment is that it can give employment opportunities to coaches, as this programme spreads around the country. Furthermore the advantages from guiding the upcoming talent will mean that the country will produce a stronger clan of cricketers who can represent the country at world events and can contribute in making the countries team the worlds best team. It will also mean the quality of cricket, and ethics of the game that have been passed down through the years will still be present in the future games. This programme has a strong foundation, and is well structured which indicates that it is more than likely to be a successful in being able to find and develop the countries cricket and help produce new, world class cricketers. This can be ensured are the programmes is critically structured, so that it identifies talents at all age groups and trains the players selected in a large variety of manners so that they are conditioned. However it can also be noted that this programme will be a long process and it can create false hope to the talents that maybe selected as the programme can be seen to be slightly over critical. This means that many of the athletes that are selected may not succeed in performing in the highest levels as they might not be prepared or ready at the time to meet the demands of the different stages, but it does leave them with experience and give them more of a chance than those that havent been selected to make it to the highest podium of performance. On the whole this talent identification programme can be viewed as a potential success in meeting the aims of finding excelling talent in cricket and providing them a developing foundation from which they can grow into good cricketers. This can be proven by the depth of the programme and how it offers something unique and lucrative at each stage of the development. Never the less the programme is slightly long, and the calibre to which it has been created might be slightly too expensive to fund, as it will take a lot of money, and resources.